ROMERO, J.:
This petition for certiorari assails the July 12, 1993, decision of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) reversing the judgment of Labor Arbiter Oswald B. Lorenzo dated August 31, 1990, but ordering private respondent to pay petitioner the amount of P1,000.00 as indemnity.
Petitioner Jose Entradicho was employed by respondent ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation (ABS-CBN) as cameraman on September 7, 1987 until his dismissal on August 4, 1989.
It is undisputed that on July 15, 1989, petitioner did not report for the taping of an ABS-CBN production entitled "Kris at 18." The taping thereof was allegedly delayed, mishandled and haphazardly done to the damage and prejudice of ABS-CBN. The latter's TV Engineering Director, Fernando Morales, directed petitioner to explain within 48 hours why no action should be taken against him for his absence on said date. He retorted that he brought his sick daughter to the hospital for immediate medical attention and borrowed from relatives the necessary funds to answer for the expenses which may be incurred. Morales accepted his explanation with a stern warning that a repetition of a similar offense would be meted a corresponding disciplinary action.
On July 16, 1989, however, ABS-CBN's Personnel Manager,
Hermilindo1 P. Ocampo, saw the name of petitioner in the closing credits of the program "Supermodels" aired on People's Television 4 (PTV 4),2 a fact later confirmed by Engr. Tony Lidua of said station.
With this discovery, Ocampo required petitioner to report to him the circumstances regarding the July 15, 1989, incident. Petitioner denied deserting his assignment with ABS-CBN in favor of the production of "Supermodels." He admitted, however, that his fleeting stint with PTV started only late in the afternoon of July 15, 1989, a job he was "forced to accept" because of an urgent financial need "to defray the medical expenses of his sick child."3
On August 2, 1989, petitioner was terminated from his employment on the ground of acts constituting disloyalty.
In a complaint for illegal dismissal filed by petitioner against ABS-CBN, Labor Arbiter Oswald B Lorenzo rendered a decision, the dispositive portion of which reads thus:
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, judgment is hereby rendered as follows:
1. Declaring the dismissal of complainant JOSE ENTRADICHO by respondent firm as having been illegally effected;
2. Ordering respondent firm to immediately reinstate herein complainant to his former or substantially equivalent position without loss of seniority rights and benefits previously enjoyed;
3. Ordering respondent to pay complainant his full back wages from 04 August 1989 up to 31 August 1990 or a total of FORTY-SIX THOUSAND NINETY-TWO PESOS AND TWENTY-FOUR CENTAVOS (P46,092.24), or a period of 12.97 months times P3,556.50 per month;
4. Ordering the respondent to pay complainant the amount of ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY EIGHT PESOS AND TWENTY-FIVE CENTAVOS (P1,778.25), representing his fifteen (15) days suspension or the equivalent one-half month pay;
5. Ordering respondent to pay complainant for and as attorney's fees the amount of FOUR THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED EIGHTY SEVEN AND FOUR CENTAVOS (P4,787.04), representing ten (10) per cent of the total award in this case.
Finally respondent firm is hereby ordered to show compliance of the immediate reinstatement of complainant ENTRADICHO, either physically or merely in the payroll at the option of the former within five (5) days from receipt of this decision.
On appeal, the NLRC set aside said decision and dismissed the case for lack of merit, but ABS-CBN was ordered to indemnify petitioner in the amount of P1,000.00 for its non-observance of due process in the termination of his services. Without filing any motion for reconsideration of the NLRC's decision, petitioner filed the instant special civil action.
The petition must be dismissed.
At the outset, the instant petition is procedurally defective for failure of petitioner to file a motion for reconsideration with the NLRC before availing of the special civil action of certiorari. In the case of Building Care Corporation v. NLRC,4
the Court declared that this premature action constitutes a fatal infirmity thus:
. . . The unquestioned rule in this jurisdiction is that certiorari will lie only if there is no appeal or any other plain, speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law against the acts of public respondent. In the instant case, the plain and adequate remedy expressly provided by the law was a motion for reconsideration of the assailed decision, based on palpable or patent errors, to be made under oath and filed within ten (10) days from receipt of the questioned decision.
(T)he filing of such a motion is intended to afford public respondent an opportunity to correct any actual or fancied error attributed to it by way of a re-examination of the legal and factual aspects of the case. Petitioner's inaction or negligence under the circumstances is tantamount to a deprivation of the right and opportunity of the respondent Commission to cleanse itself of an error unwittingly committed or to vindicate itself of an act unfairly imputed . . .
. . . And for failure to avail of the correct remedy expressly provided by law, petitioner has permitted the subject Resolution to become final and executory after the lapse of the ten day period within which to file such motion for reconsideration.
A motion for reconsideration is indispensable for it affords the NLRC an opportunity to rectify errors or mistakes it might have committed before resort to the courts can be had.5 We had an occasion to stress this significant matter in Zapata v. NLRC,6 where we ruled in this wise:
Petitioner cannot, on its bare and self-serving representation that reconsideration is unnecessary, unilaterally disregard what the law requires and deny respondent NLRC its right to review its pronouncements before being haled to court to account therefor. On policy considerations, such prerequisite would provide an expeditious termination to labor disputes and assist in the decongestion of court dockets by obviating improvident and unnecessary recourse to judicial proceedings. The present case exemplifies the very contingency sought to be, and which could have been, avoided by the observance of said rules.
Rule VII, Section 14 of the NLRC Rules of Procedure provides that motions for reconsideration must be filed within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of the order, resolution, or decision of the NLRC,7 a procedure which is jurisdictional. Hence certiorari, as in this case, will not prosper.8 Section 1, Rule 65 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure clearly provides that:
Sec. 1. Petition for certiorari. — When any tribunal, board or officer exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions has acted without or in excess of its or his jurisdiction, or with grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction, and there is no appeal, or any plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law, a person aggrieved thereby may file a verified petition in the proper court, alleging the facts with certainty and praying that judgment be rendered annulling or modifying the proceedings of such tribunal, board or officer, and granting such incidental reliefs as law and justice may require.
x x x x x x x x x
In the absence of a motion for reconsideration filed within the ten-day reglementary period, the assailed order, resolution, or decision of the NLRC becomes final and executory after ten calendar days from receipt thereof.9
On the merits, we find no persuasive reason to depart from the NLRC's decision.
It must be noted that under Article XIII, Section 1, paragraph 10 of the ABS-CBN collective bargaining agreement:
The COMPANY and UNION agree that in order to render efficient, competent and competitive service to the public, the COMPANY must maintain a high standard of operation. For this reason, the COMPANY and the UNION agree that the following acts of an employee are subject to disciplinary measures and shall warrant dismissal.
xxx xxx xxx
(1) Gross inefficiency and acts of disloyalty
. . . (Emphasis supplied).
The NLRC correctly declared that by rendering his services to a business rival, petitioner was not only guilty of acts of disloyalty but also of serious misconduct and willful breach of trust which under the Labor Code, as amended, are valid and just grounds for the termination of an employment.
A dismissal, however, must not only be for a valid or substantial cause; the employer must also observe the procedural aspect of due process by giving the employee proper notice and the opportunity to be heard and to defend himself. 10 Rules XIV, Section 2 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Labor Code provides that:
Notice of Dismissal. — Any employer who seeks to dismiss a worker shall furnish him a written notice stating the particular acts or omissions constituting the grounds for his dismissal. (Emphasis supplied)
x x x x x x x x x
Hermilindo P. Ocampo's memorandum to petitioner was worded in this wise:
You are hereby required to report to the undersigned to answer certain allegations and statements presented to the attention of Personnel in connection with your absence last Saturday, July 15, 1989. 11
We adopt the ruling of the Labor Arbiter on this point. The memorandum hinges only on "allegations and statements" supposedly prejudicial to petitioner, without, however, indicating explicitly the circumstances surrounding the same, thus violating the aforementioned rule and regulations of the Labor Code. The Labor Code requires the employer to furnish the employee with a written notice containing a statement of the cause for termination and to afford said employee ample opportunity to be heard and to defend himself with the assistance of his representative, if he so desires. Moreover, the employer is also required to notify the worker in writing of the decision to dismiss him, stating clearly the reasons therefore. 12
As to the consequence of the failure to observe the requirement of due process in the dismissal of an employee, we ruled in Aurelio v. NLRC 13 that in cases where there was a valid ground to dismiss an employee but there was non-observance of due process, this Court held that only a sanction must be imposed upon the employer for failure to give formal notice and to conduct an investigation required by law before dismissing the employee in consonance with the ruling in Wenphil v. NLRC, 170 SCRA 69 (1989); Shoemart, Inc. v. NLRC, supra; and in Pacific Mills, Inc. v. Zenaida Alonzo, 199 SCRA 617 (1991). . . . In the Pacific Mills, Inc., and Wenphil cases, this Court awarded P1,000.00 as penalty for non-observance of due process."
In the recent case of MGG Marine Services Inc., et. al. v. NLRC, 14 we held that the failure to show due process taints the dismissal. This does not mean however that the private respondent would be entitled to back wages or reinstatement or even separation pay. Under prevailing jurisprudence, one is entitled only to indemnity or damages, the amount of which depends on the peculiar circumstances of each case.
WHEREFORE, the instant petition is DISMISSED. The decision of the National Labor Relations Commission dated July 12, 1993, is accordingly AFFIRMED in toto. No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED.
Regalado, Puno and Mendoza, JJ., concur.
Torres, Jr., J., is on leave.
Footnotes
1 Sometimes referred to as Herminigildo and Hermelindo.
2 Rollo, p. 52.
3 Ibid, pp. 54-55.
4 G.R. No. 94237, February 26, 1997, citing Interorient Maritime Enterprises, Inc., et al. v. NLRC (G.R. No. 115497, September 16, 1996; Restituto C. Palomado v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 96520, June 28, 1996; Pure Foods Corporation v. NLRC, 171 SCRA 415, 425, March 21, 1989; Philippine National Construction Corporation (PNCC) v. National Labor Relations Commission, 245 SCRA 668, 674-675, July 7, 1995).
5 Gonpu Services Corporation v. NLRC, G.R. No. 111897, January 27, 1995.
6 175 SCRA 56 (1989).
7 Flores v. NLRC, 256 SCRA 735 (1996).
8 P.S. Aviles Placement Services/Surety and Insurance Company v. NLRC, G.R. No. 120990, October 9, 1996.
9 Orient Express Placement Philippines and Dominador Batonga, Jr. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 124766, January 30, 1997.
10 Labor v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 183 (1995).
11 Rollo, pp. 55-56.
12 Mirano, et al. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 121112, March 19, 1997.
13 221 SCRA 432 (1993).
14 G.R. No. 114313, July 29, 1996.
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